在雷达—雨量计联合探测系统中距离加权和时间外推校准技术的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

戴铁丕  詹煜 《气象科学》1996,16(1):63-74

本文用距离加权方法校准天气雷达估算降水强度和区域降水量。  相似文献   

地震活动分期研究     

徐启埙  张晓梅 《高原地震》1997,(4)

简述多重外推线性预测方法及原理，并用多重外推线性预测方法研究巴颜喀拉山、柴达木两个地震带未来百年地震活动分期。  相似文献   

三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

杨锴  程玖兵  刘玉柱  郑鸿明  薛为平  宋阳 《地球物理学报》2007,50(4):1232-1240

波动方程基准面校正处理被认为是当地表高程变化剧烈、地表一致性假设又不成立的情况下对于常规高程基准面校正的必要替代. 在二维波动方程基准面校正方面，前人已经作了大量工作，并且在实际应用中获得了良好的效果，应该将其进一步推广到三维. 本文采用三维频率空间域有限差分波场延拓算子以“逐步－累加”的方式实现了三维波动方程基准面校正，并对实际数据进行了处理. 对于西部某三维数据的实际计算结果表明，相对于传统的模型法高程静校正，波动方程基准面校正更合理地实现了基准面校正，有助于提高后续的速度分析精度和成像质量.  相似文献   

Modeling of Regional High Ozone Episode Observed at Two Mountain Sites (Mt. Tai and Huang) in East China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zifa Wang  Jie Li  Xiquan Wang  Pakpong Pochanart  Hajime Akimoto 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2006,55(3):253-272

A high O₃ episode was observed during 23–25 May 2004 at two high-mountain sites reflecting the regional pattern of air pollutants over East China. This episode lasted about three days with the maximum hourly O₃ mixing ratios reaching 111 and 114 ppbv at Mt. Tai and Huang, respectively. Backward trajectories and meteorological analysis indicated that regional transport, associated with a weak high pressure system over the East China Sea, might play an important role in the formation of this high ozone episode. The nested air quality prediction modeling system (NAQPMS) was applied to investigate the formation and evolution of this high O₃ event. The comparison of model results with observations showed that NAQPMS successfully reproduced the main observed patterns of O₃ and meteorological parameters during the simulated period. The model results with emission over the Yangtze Delta and the East Central China switched on/off clearly showed that ozone and its precursors transported from the Yangtze Delta and the East Central China enhanced the high ozone episode at two sites, with a contribution of 20%–50% during the episode. In addition, based on process analysis with the model, chemical production and regional transport appeared to be the main causes of high ozone episode involving a large amount of high-ozone air masses and precursors transported from the surrounding areas. The horizontal transport is more active during the period of high ozone episode than that during the non-episode at Mt. Tai as well as Mt. Huang.  相似文献   

大间距地震数据重建方法研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孟小红  刘国峰  周建军 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(3):687-691

介绍了一种基于稀疏约束最小二乘方法的大间距地震道数据重建方法，通过对大间距地震数据空间加滑动窗口，对每个窗口的数据结果采用预测误差算子计算加权系数进行加权叠加处理而得到空道的结果，通过试验表明，该方法能够用来进行大间距地震道数据的重建.  相似文献   

多次波问题的研究进展   总被引：19，自引：14，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

李鹏  刘伊克  常旭  金德刚  赵珊珊 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(3):888-897

综述了当前多次波问题的研究进展，指出了对多次波问题，有两种主要的处理思路：(1)因为后续偏移成像的需要，把多次波看成相干噪声，根据多次波特性设计衰减方法将其消除掉，将其称之为多次波衰减方法.多次波衰减方法大体上可以分为两类：基于信号分析的滤波方法和基于波动方程的预测相减法.预测相减法不需要或较少需要有关地下的先验或后验信息，能适应复杂地下构造.本文对预测相减法中的波场延拓法、反馈迭代法、逆散射级数法和恒定内插法等三种主要方法，进行了较详细的对比分析和介绍.(2)将多次波看成有效信号，对其成像，将其称之为多次波成像方法.这种方法提取了多次波中包含的地下界面信息，可改善地震资料的成像质量.  相似文献   

A New Approach to Data Assimilation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Wang Bin  ZHAO Ying 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(3):275-282

A significant attempt to design a timesaving and efficient four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) has been made in this paper, and a new approach to data assimilation, which is noted as 'three-dimensional variational data assimilation of mapped observation (3DVM)' is proposed, based on the new concept of mapped observation and the new idea of backward 4DVar. Like the available 4DVar, 3DVM produces an optimal initial condition (IC) that is consistent with the prediction model due to the inclusion of model constraints and best fits the observations in the assimilation window through the model solution trajectory. Different from the 4DVar, the IC derived from 3DVM is located at the end of the assimilation window rather than at the beginning conventionally. This change greatly reduces the computing cost for the new approach, which is almost the same as that of the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar). Especially, such a change is able to improve assimilation accuracy because it does not need the tangential linear and adjoint approximations to calculate the gradient of cost function. Therefore, in numerical test, the new approach produces better IC than 4DVar does for 72-h simulation of TY9914 (Dan), by assimilating the three-dimensional fields of temperature and wind retrieved from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) observations. Meanwhile, it takes only 1/7 of the computing cost that the 4DVar requires for the same initialization with the same retrieved data.  相似文献   

以标准层为基础的井控外推构造作图方法探讨——以塔河西南部志留～泥盆系为例     

张小兵  张哨楠  赵锡奎  周文  何建军 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(2):115-119

经历多期构造运动后叠合形成的塔河西南部,用常规速度分析及成图方法都无法制作高精度的构造图,不能满足生产的需要。这里利用塔河西南部钻遇S-D的50口钻、测井资料和3D地震资料,提出了以标准层为基础的井控外推法来拟合速度并最终作构造图的方法。该方法简单实用、成本低,与实际钻探圈闭相对误差小于1.5%,能满足成图精度要求。同时,在研究过程中还发现了多个圈闭,这必将对该区油气资源的重新评价及进一步勘探有重要意义。  相似文献   

不同赋存状态油裂解条件及油裂解型气源灶的正演和反演研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵文智  王兆云  王红军  汪泽成  张水昌  王震  张庆春 《中国地质》2006,33(5):952-965

油裂解型气源灶是一种特殊的气源灶,是优质生烃母质在成气过程中派生出的。烃源岩生成的油主要有3种赋存形式:源内分散状液态烃、源外分散状液态烃和源外富集型液态烃。3种赋存状态液态烃的数量及分配比例受内因和外因多种因素控制,就排油率而言,有机碳含量分别为0.67%、0.62%和10.6%的泥岩、灰岩和油页岩,最大排油率分别为45%、55%和80%。原油与不同介质配样的生气动力学实验表明,不同介质条件下甲烷的生成活化能分布有差异,碳酸盐岩对油裂解条件影响最大,可大大降低其活化能,导致原油裂解热学条件降低,体现为油裂解温度的降低;泥岩次之,砂岩影响最小。碳酸盐岩、泥岩和砂岩对油的催化裂解作用依次减弱,不同介质条件下主生气期对应的Ro值:纯原油1.5%～3.8%;碳酸盐岩中的分散原油1.2%～3.2%;泥岩中的分散原油1.3%～3.4%;砂岩中的分散原油1.4%～3.6%。油裂解型气源灶是一种中间体,可以直观看到的是原生气源灶和由此形成的气藏,而对油裂解型气源灶的赋存形式、分布范围、成气数量和储量规模等问题,只能通过正演和反演的研究去确定且相互映证。正演研究以塔里木盆地中下寒武统为例,原始生油量2232.24×108t,剩余油量806.21×108t,油裂解气量106.95×1012m3。反演研究以川东北飞仙关组白云岩中油裂解气为例,圈定的古油藏面积约735km2,古油藏原油数量45×108t,油裂解气量及油裂解气资源量分别为2.72×1012m3和1.36×1012m3。  相似文献   

Seismic Imaging from a TBM     

G. Swinnen  J. W. Thorbecke  G. G. Drijkoningen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(6):577-590

Summary Seismic monitoring from the head of a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) enables improved assessment of the risks associated with the tunnel-boring process. The monitoring system provides a live image of ground conditions along the trajectory followed by the TBM and detects local heterogeneities such as boulders, foundations, and other obstacles that commonly pass undetected using local geotechnical techniques. From a seismic perspective, the underground setting of tunnelling projects places limitations on imaging capability. The principal limiting factor is the size of the area upon which transducers can be installed. This limitation requires adjustments to traditional seismic imaging techniques in which a large area is assumed to be available for attaching the transducers. Recently developed short imaging operators take this limitation into account and are used in the examples described herein. The unique conditions of tunnelling yield two advantages over traditional settings in terms of imaging: rotation of the cutter wheel and the lateral progression of the TBM. Rotation of the cutter wheel, upon which the transducers are installed, provides the opportunity to illuminate obstacles from different angles in different recordings. Spatial progression of the TBM enables improvement in the illumination of obstacles and the signal-to-noise ratio by combining recordings from different lateral positions. In this paper, these specific aspects of seismic imaging during tunnelling are discussed via models that represent different cases encountered in actual tunnelling projects. These case studies demonstrate the way in which image quality along the trajectory of the TBM is improved over that in traditional settings. In this way, the risks associated with the tunnelling process can be more accurately assured.  相似文献